Chapter 9 STRUGGLES FOR EQUALITY

The Nature Of Inequality In India

Inequalities in India stem from various factors, including poverty, lack of resources, social and cultural backgrounds, and gender. People like Kanta, the Ansaris, Melani, and Swapna experience discrimination and unequal treatment in different aspects of their lives. Poverty and lack of resources often lead to limited access to essential services like healthcare and education, making people dependent on others and vulnerable to exploitation. Discrimination based on religion, caste, or gender further exacerbates inequality, violating individuals' dignity and self-respect. The combined effect of poverty, social discrimination, and inadequate facilities contributes to higher dropout rates among girls from marginalized communities (Dalit, Adivasi, and Muslim).

Struggles For Equality

Tawa Matsya Sangh

The Tawa Matsya Sangh (TMS) is a federation of fisherworker cooperatives formed by displaced forest dwellers of the Satpura forest in Madhya Pradesh. The construction of the Tawa dam in 1958-1978 submerged vast areas of forest and agricultural land, displacing thousands. Some displaced people found a livelihood in fishing around the reservoir but earned very little. In 1994, when the government granted fishing rights to private contractors who then drove away local fishworkers, the villagers united to form the TMS. The organization led protests, including rallies and road blockades (chakka jam), demanding their fishing rights. This led to the government forming a committee, which recommended granting fishing rights to the villagers. In 1996, the Madhya Pradesh government granted these rights, leading to increased earnings for fishworkers as the cooperative provided fair prices, arranged transport, and offered loans for equipment. The TMS demonstrated how collective action and people's organizations can secure livelihood rights and manage resources effectively.

Creative Expression Against Inequality

People often use creative means to fight against inequality and advocate for justice. Writers, singers, dancers, and artists play a vital role by drawing attention to issues of inequality through poems, songs, stories, and performances. These creative expressions can inspire people, strengthen their belief in an issue, and motivate their efforts towards societal change. The "Right to Know" song, adapted from a campaign by Vinay Mahajan, exemplifies how creative works can highlight issues like hunger, lack of access to education and healthcare, and the right to dignity.

The Indian Constitution As A Living Document

The Indian Constitution, which recognizes the equality of all persons, serves as the foundation for movements advocating for justice and equality. Struggles for equality in India frequently reference the Constitution, using it as a "living document" to assert their rights and demand that constitutional promises be realized in practice. By persistently referring to the Constitution, people infuse it with real meaning in their lives, pushing for the expansion of democracy and greater recognition of equality on both existing and new issues.